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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of the Catholic Church since 1962 ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of the Catholic Church since 1962 Post Vatican II history of the Catholic Church includes the recent history of the Catholic Church since the Second Vatican Council. It focuses on the influences of the Council on the Catholic Church, the Church's reactions to it, and subsequent historical developments to the present day. ==Background== In the aftermath of World War II, religious existence came under fire from communist governments in Eastern Europe and China.〔 Although some priests have since been exposed as collaborators, both the Church's official resistance and the leadership of Pope John Paul II are credited with helping to bring about the downfall of communist governments across Europe in 1991. The Church policies after World War II under Pope Pius XII focused on material aid to war-torn Europe, an internal internationalization of the Roman Catholic Church and the development of its worldwide diplomatic relations. His encyclicals, ''Evangelii praecones'' and ''Fidei donum'', issued on June 2, 1951 and April 21, 1957, respectively, increased the local decision-making of Catholic missions, many of which became independent dioceses. Pius XII demanded recognition of local cultures as fully equal to European culture.〔Audience for the directors of mission activities in 1944 A.A.S., 1944, p. 208.〕〔''Evangelii praecones''. p. 56.〕 While the Church thrived in the West and most of the developing world, it faced most serious persecutions in the East. The communist regimes in Albania, Bulgaria, and Romania practically eradicated the Roman Catholic Church in their countries. The difficult relations of the Vatican with the Soviet Union, alias Russia, originated in the revolution in 1917 and continued through the pontificate of Pius XII. They affected relations with the Orthodox Church as well. The Catholic Oriental Churches were eliminated in most parts of the Soviet Union during the Stalinist era. Persecutions of the Church continued during the pontificate of Pope Pius XII. The relations of the Holy See with China from 1939-1958. began hopefully with the long withheld recognition of Chinese rites by the Vatican in 1939, the elevation of the first Chinese cardinal in 1946, and the establishment of a local Chinese hierarchy. It ended with the persecution and virtual elimination of the Catholic Church in the early Fifties, and the establishment of a Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association in 1957 Pius XII invoked ex cathedra papal infallibility by defining the dogma of the Assumption of Mary, as proclaimed in the Apostolic constitution ''Munificentissimus Deus''. The magisterium includes almost 1,090 addresses and radio broadcasts. His forty-one encyclicals, include ''Mystici corporis'', the Church as the Body of Christ; ''Mediator Dei'' on liturgy reform; ''Humani generis'' on the Church's position on theology and evolution. He eliminated the Italian majority in the College of Cardinals with the Grand Consistory in 1946. Despite of all these and other modernization measures, which had taken place during the pontificate of Pius XII, Pope John XXIII felt the time had come to open the windows of the Church and to restate the ancient truths of the Church in a more contemporary language. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of the Catholic Church since 1962」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.